High Voltage Engineering

Fundamental

Second Edition

E.Kuffel

W.S. Zaengl

J. Kuffel

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

۱٫۱ Generation and transmission of electric energy 1

۱٫۲ Voltage stresses 3

۱٫۳ Testing voltages 5

Chapter 2 Generation of high voltages 8

۲٫۱ Direct voltages 9

۲٫۲ Alternating voltages 29

۲٫۳ Impulse voltages 48

۲٫۴ Control systems 74 References 75

Chapter 3 Measurement of high voltages 77

۳٫۱ Peak voltage measurements by spark gaps 78

۳٫۲ Electrostatic voltmeters 94

۳٫۳ Ammeter in series with high ohmic resistors and high ohmic resistor voltage dividers 96

۳٫۵ The measurement of peak voltages 109

۳٫۶ Voltage dividing systems and impulse voltage measurements 129

Chapter 4 Electrostatic fields and field stress control 201

۴٫۱ Electrical field distribution and breakdown strength of insulating materials 201

۴٫۲ Fields in homogeneous, isotropic materials

۴٫۳ Fields in multidielectric, isotropic materials

۴٫۴ Numerical methods

Chapter 5 Electrical breakdown in gases 281

۵٫۱ Classical gas laws

۵٫۴ Transition from non-self-sustained discharges to breakdown

۵٫۵ The streamer or ‘Kanal’ mechanism of spark 326

۵٫۶ The sparking voltage–Paschen’s law 333

۵٫۷ Penning effect 3395.8 The breakdown field strength (Eb) 3405.9 Breakdown in non-uniform fields 342

Chapter 6 Breakdown in solid and liquid dielectrics 367

Chapter 7 Non-destructive insulation test techniques 395

Chapter 8 Overvoltages, testing procedures and insulation coordination 460

Chapter 9 Design and testing of external insulation 509